Seminars in Spine Surgery
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Pages 110-112 , September 2010

Etiology of Congenital Scoliosis

  • Frances A. Farley, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Frances A. Farley, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr., TC 2912, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

References 

  1. Hedequist D, Emans J. Congenital scoliosis: A review and update. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:106–116
  2. Jarcho S, Levin P. Hereditary malformations of the vertebral bodies. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1938;62:216–226
  3. McMaster MJ. Congenital scoliosis. In:  Weinstein SL editors. The Pediatric Spine. (ed 2). Philadelphia, Lippincott: Williams, and Wilkins; 2001;p. 161–177
  4. Hedequist DJ, Emans JB. Congenital scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12:266–275
  5. Barry JE, Auldist AW Vater Association. One end of a spectrum of anomalies. Am J Dis Child. 1974;128:769–771
  6. Arlet V, Odent T, Aebi M. Congenital scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2003;12:456–463
  7. Ganey TM, Ogden JA. Development and maturation of the axial skeleton. In:  Weinstein SL editors. The Pediatric Spine. (ed 2). Philadelphia, Lippincott: Williams, and Wilkins; 2001;p. 3–54
  8. Ingalls TH, Avis FR, Curley FJ, et al. Genetic determinants of hypoxia-induced congenital anomalies. J Hered. 1953;44:185–194
  9. Lander E, Kruglyak L. Genetic dissection of complex traits: Guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nat Genet. 1995;11:241–247
  10. Mulinare J, Cordero JF, Erickson JD, et al. Periconceptional use of multivitamins and the occurrence of neural tube defects. J Am Med Assoc. 1988;260:3141–3145
  11. Murakami U, Kameyama Y. Vertebral malformations in the mouse fetus caused by maternal hyposia during early stages of pregnancy. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1963;11:107–118
  12. Loder RT, Hernandez MJ, Lerner AL, et al. The Induction of Congenital Spinal Deformities in Mice by Maternal Carbon Monoxide Exposure. Trans, Ortho. 1998-99;p 77-B:768-770
  13. McMaster MJ, Ohtsuka K. The natural history of congenital scoliosis (A study of two hundred and fifty-one patients). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:1128–1147
  14. Murray FJ, Schwetz BA, Crawford AA, et al. Embryotoxicity of inhaled sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in mice and rabbits. Environ J Health C. 1979;233–250
  15. Rivard CH. Effects of hypoxia on the embryogenesis of congenital vertebral malformations in the mouse. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;208:126–130
  16. Schwetz BA, Ioset HD, Leong BK, et al. Teratogenic potential of dichlorvos given by inhalation and gavage to mice and rabbits. Teratology. 1979;20:383–387
  17. Bailey LJ, Johnston MC, Billet J. Effects of carbon monoxide and hypoxia on cleft lip in A/J mice. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1995;32:14–19
  18. Farley FA, Loder RT, Nolan BT, et al. Mouse model for thoracic congenital scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21:537–540
  19. Farley FA, Hall J, Goldstein SA. Characteristics of congenital scoliosis in a mouse model. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:341–346
  20. Maisenbacher MK, Han JS, O'Brien ML, et al. Molecular analysis of congenital scoliosis: A candidate gene approach. Hum Genet. 2005;116:416–419
  21. Purkiss SB, Driscoll B, Cole WG, et al. Idiopathic scoliosis in families of children with congenital scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;401:27–31
  22. Sturm PF, Chung R, Bomze SR. Hemivertebra in monozygotic twins. Spine. 2001;26:1389–1391
  23. Erol B, Tracy MR, Dormans JP, et al. Congenital scoliosis and vertebral malformations: Characterization of segmental defects for genetic analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24:674–682
  24. Loomes KM, Stevens SA, O'Brien ML, et al. Dll3 and Notch1 genetic interactions model axial segmental and craniofacial malformations of human birth defects. Dev Dyn. 2007;236:2943–2951
  25. Cornier AS, Staehling-Hampton K, Delventhal KM, et al. Mutations in the MESP2 gene cause spondylothoracic dysostosis/Jarcho-Levin syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2008;82:1334–1341
  26. Giampietro PF, Blank RD, Raggio CL, et al. Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis: Clinical and genetic aspects. Clin Med Res. 2003;1:125–136
  27. Goshu E, Jin H, Fasnacht R, et al. Sim2 mutants have developmental defects not overlapping with those of Sim1 mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 2002;22:4147–4157

 This work was supported by a Congenital Scoliosis Center Grant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

PII: S1040-7383(10)00020-1

doi: 10.1053/j.semss.2010.03.001

Seminars in Spine Surgery
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Pages 110-112 , September 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution