Congenital scoliosis may have an environmental or genetic etiology. Environmental etiologies have focused on maternal carbon monoxide exposure in mice early in gestation. Genetic studies have focused on skeletal patterning genes in the human and the mouse. Genetic mutations have been isolated in the related Jarcho-Levin syndrome.
Pediatric Orthopaedic Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Address reprint requests to Frances A. Farley, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr., TC 2912, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
This work was supported by a Congenital Scoliosis Center Grant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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