Seminars in Spine Surgery
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Pages 250-255 , December 2007

Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations

  • Sumeet Vadera, BA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ,
  • John Ratliff, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to John Ratliff, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 909 Walnut 2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
  • ,
  • Zoe Brown, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ,
  • Archit Patel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ,
  • James S. Harrop, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ,
  • Ashwini Sharan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
  • ,
  • Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.

References 

  1. Alexander E, Davis CT, Forsyth HF. Reduction and fusion of fracture dislocation of the cervical spine. J Neurosurg. 1967;27:588–591
  2. Cloward R. Reduction of traumatic dislocation of the cervical spine with locked facets: technical note. J Neurosurg. 1973;38:527–531
  3. Hadley M. Treatment of subaxial cervical spinal injuries. Neurosurgery. 2002;50:S156–S165
  4. Ordonez BJ, Benzel EC, Naderi S, et al. Cervical facet dislocation: techniques for ventral reduction and stabilization [see comment]. J Neurosurg. 2000;92:18–23
  5. Weller S, Naderi S, Benzel EC. Cervical facet dislocations: a ventral surgical strategy for decompression, reduction, and stabilization. In:  Benzel EC editors. Spine Surgery. vol 1:New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1999;p. 535–540
  6. Wolf A, Levi L, Mirvis S, et al. Operative management of bilateral facet dislocation. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:883–890
  7. Hart RA. Cervical facet dislocation: when is magnetic resonance imaging indicated?. [see comment] Spine. 2002;27:116–117
  8. Grant G, Mirza SK, Chapman JR, et al. Risk of early closed reduction in cervical spine subluxation injuries. J Neurosurg Spine. 1999;90:13–18
  9. Delamarter R, Sherman J, Carr JB. Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;77:1042–1049
  10. Vaccaro A, Madigan L, Schweitzer ME, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of soft tissue disruption after flexion-distraction injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. Spine. 2001;26:1866–1872
  11. Doran SE, Papadopoulos SM, Ducker TB, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging documentation of coexistent traumatic locked facets of the cervical spine and disc herniation. [see comment] J Neurosurg. 1993;79:341–345
  12. Eismont FJ, Arena MJ, Green BA. Extrusion of an intervertebral disc associated with traumatic subluxation or dislocation of cervical facets (Case report). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:1555–1560
  13. Rizzolo SJ, Piazza MR, Cotler JM, et al. Intervertebral disc injury complicating cervical spine trauma. Spine. 1991;16:S187–S189
  14. Cotler JM, Herbison GJ, Nasuti JF, et al. Closed reduction of traumatic cervical spine dislocation using traction weights up to 140 pounds. Spine. 1993;18:386–390
  15. Allen BL, Ferguson RL, Lehmann TR, et al. A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine. 1982;7:1–27
  16. Roaf R. A study of the mechanics of spinal injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1969;42:810–823
  17. Crawford NR, Duggal N, Chamberlain RH, et al. Unilateral cervical facet dislocation: injury mechanism and biomechanical consequences. Spine. 2002;27:1858–1864discussion 1864
  18. Whitley J, Forsyth HF. The classification of cervical spine injuries. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1969;83:633–644
  19. Beatson T. Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1963;45:21–35
  20. Shapiro S. Management of unilateral locked facet of the cervical spine. Neurosurgery. 1993;33:832–837
  21. Shapiro S, Snyder W, Kaufman K, et al. Outcome of 51 cases of unilateral locked cervical facets: interspinous braided cable for lateral mass plate fusion compared with interspinous wire and facet wiring with iliac crest. J Neurosurg Spine. 1999;91:19–24
  22. Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Levine AM. Rotational injury of cervical facets: CT analysis of fracture patterns with implications for management and neurologic outcome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:1165–1169
  23. Rorabeck CH, Rock MG, Hawkins RJ, et al. Unilateral facet dislocation of the cervical spine (An analysis of the results of treatment in 26 patients). Spine. 1987;12:23–27
  24. Haid R, Kopitnik T, Nugent R. Unilateral facet dislocation: changing concepts in management, in AANS Annual meeting. In: Park Ridge, IL: AANS; 1988;p. 120
  25. Duggal N, Chamberlain RH, Park SC, et al. Unilateral cervical facet dislocation: biomechanics of fixation. Spine. 2005;30:E164–E168
  26. Johnson M, Fisher CG, Boyd M, et al. The radiographic failure of single segment anterior cervical plate fixation in traumatic cervical flexion distraction injuries. Spine. 2004;29:2815–2820
  27. Anderson P, Henley MB, Grady MS, et al. Posterior cervical arthrodesis with AO reconstruction plates and bone graft. Spine. 1991;16:S72–S79
  28. Bohlman H. Acute fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine (An analysis of three hundred hospitalized patients and review of the literature). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61:1119–1142
  29. Kim S, Lim TJ, Paterno J, et al. A biomechanical comparison of three surgical approaches in bilateral subaxial cervical facet dislocation. J Neurosurg Spine. 2004;1:108–115
  30. Bartels R, Donk R. Delayed management of traumatic bilateral cervical facet dislocation: surgical strategy. J Neurosurg Spine. 2002;97:362–365

PII: S1040-7383(07)00106-2

doi: 10.1053/j.semss.2007.09.006

Seminars in Spine Surgery
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Pages 250-255 , December 2007